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NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DEMOCRATIC LAWYERS
Research Group of the genera and families
The amendment to Article. 275 paragraph 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure which provides for the mandatory custodial measure in prison for certain elements of an offense has been strongly supported by the Ministry of Equal Opportunities as a "stopgap measure" that could "allay public opinion" in the face of the inability to ensure adequate protection for the victims women and children who choose to report cases of sexual assault, sexual acts with a minor and child prostitution.
certainly can not think of solutions that generalized repressive irrationally may be in itself sufficient to protect victims and to have deterrent effect.
In our system, the application of precautionary measures is subject to specific conditions of applicability (273 cpp) and supervision requirements (274 cpp). Pre-trial detention may be ordered only when all other measures prove inadequate supervision (275 co.3 cpp).
The social dangerousness of the suspect for the purpose of pre-trial detention is only for the alleged crimes of organized crime. In all other cases it is always a judge that, considering also the danger of the subject, must decide quale sia la misura cautelare più adeguata al caso concreto.
E’ pericolosissimo collegare a situazioni che si ritengono di allarme sociale l’obbligo di detenzione cautelare carceraria, anzi, è anticostituzionale, perché mina alle basi i principi cardine del nostro ordinamento democratico.
L’intervento della Corte Costituzionale era dunque dovuto e le reazioni emotive a questa sentenza sono inutili e ancora una volta espressione della politica del Governo Berlusconi che cerca di stravolgere i principi fondamentali del nostro ordinamento con la legislazione dell’emergenza.
Dire che la sentenza della Corte Costituzionale è ingiusta è espressione dell’incapacità di pensare ed attuare una risposta adeguata per prevenire tutti i crimini maschili contro le donne e i minori, come peraltro raccomandato più volte allo Stato italiano dal Comitato per l’attuazione della CEDAW (Convenzione ONU per l’eliminazione di ogni forma di violenza nei confronti delle donne).
Prevedere per legge la misura cautelare più gravosa, quella della custodia in carcere, come obbligatoria, vuole solo rassicurare la collettività ma di fatto non tutela davvero chi è vittima di questa tipologia di reati, che spesso si ritrova da sola ad affrontare le fasi del processo e quelle successive. Anzi, paradossalmente danneggia le women victims of sexual violence committed by acquaintances, neighbors, friends.
It should be noted that in Italy there is a pervasive sexist cultural climate that permeates not only the perpetrators of such crimes, but sometimes he is called to decide on them.
Very often such crimes of sexual violence in assessing the gravity of the conduct is increasingly identified when the action is committed by a stranger on the street, on the contrary, the violence that occur within relationships employment, family, friends, is very often given a negative value less social, which sometimes even results in the application of a penalty within the limits of probation. What protection for these women? That is, such a protection for the most part - statistically speaking - the victims of sexual violence?
That said, you can not think that the problem is solved by providing for the mandatory detention as: the problem is cultural, and resolves first deconstructing patriarchal stereotypes about the role of women in society, and by 'with more appropriate training.
It 's time, also in Italy as elsewhere in Europe, you begin to approach the very serious criminal phenomenon of male violence women not only through the use of criminal prosecution, but also by improving and implementing the use of l. 154/2001 and therefore orders of removal, listening and providing effective support, even and especially in psychological and economic terms, women who report being victims of such crimes during the investigation and prosecution.
E 'need adequate training to assess the situation of specific risk that the woman running at the time chose to denounce the violence affected.
Instead of imposing mandatory detention of the suspect to the judiciary is much more should provide specific training of law enforcement and the judiciary in order to respect the protection of victims of such crimes, with appropriate use of all protective measures provided by our legal system.
This requires many more resources of course, maybe that's why no one has the courage to speak.
But this is what women who report they expect, not revenge, but protection, and the return to a life free from violence. This is a fundamental right that the state has an obligation to ensure yes, but with the right tools.
The safety psycho-physics of the victim does not find its own best protection in the deprivation of liberty of the suspect in the preliminary investigation, but rather a safety net that is the duty of government to provide, and ensure implementation.
Bologna - Ravenna, July 22, 2010
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